Ewing's sarcoma is a form of bone cancer that is typically found in teenagers as they undergo growth spurts; but it can occur at any age. Early detection is key to surviving this aggressive type of bone cancer. Signs and symptoms, such as pain and swelling or unexplained fever and weight loss, should be checked out by a doctor immediately.
In the United States, 250 children and adolescents are diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma each year. Although it accounts for only about 3 percent of all childhood cancers, Ewing's sarcoma is the second most common malignant bone cancer in children. In about one-third of those diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma, the cancer has spread to other areas of the body by the time it’s diagnosed. When this happens, the five-year survival rate is less than 30 percent.
Ewing's sarcoma usually appears in the middle of the long bones of the arms and legs, or in the bones of the pelvis, and often invades the muscle and soft tissue located next to the tumor site. This type of bone cancer also can spread to other parts of the body, including the bone marrow, other bones, lungs, kidneys, and the adrenal gland. Sometimes the tumor remains in the soft tissues of the body and does not involve bone at all.
Ewing's Sarcoma: Causes and Symptoms
Genetics play a major role in Ewing's sarcoma. Nine out of 10 people diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma have a genetic abnormality that makes them susceptible.
There are no screening tests to detect early signs of bone cancer, including Ewing's sarcoma. The best way to detect Ewing's sarcoma in its earliest stage is to be mindful of its symptoms, which may include:
- pain at or near the site of the tumor
- swelling and redness near the tumor
- fever for no reason
- a bone that breaks unexpectedly and without apparent reason
- weight loss or reduced appetite
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